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Description
Human S100A11 ELISA KitProduct Specification Usage Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High precision pipette and gun tips: 0. 5 10uL, 5 50uL, 20 200uL, 200 1000uL 3. 37 constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4 overnight, then centrifuge at 1000g for 20
Product Specification
| Usage |
Experimental equipment required for the experiment: 1. Microplate reader (450nm) 2. High-precision pipette and gun tips: 0.5-10uL, 5-50uL, 20-200uL, 200-1000uL 3. 37℃ constant temperature box 4. Distilled water or deionized water Sample processing and requirements: 1. Serum: Place the whole blood sample collected in the serum separation tube at room temperature for 2 hours or at 4℃ overnight, then centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes, and take the supernatant, or store the supernatant at -20℃ or -80℃, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 2. Plasma: Collect the specimen using EDTA or heparin as an anticoagulant. Centrifuge the specimen at 1000 × g for 15 minutes at 2-8°C within 30 minutes of collection. The supernatant can be assayed or stored at -20°C or -80°C, but avoid repeated freezing and thawing. 3. Tissue homogenization: Rinse the tissue with pre-chilled PBS (0.01M, pH 7.4) to remove residual blood (lysed red blood cells in the homogenate will affect the measurement results). Weigh the tissue and mince it. Add the minced tissue to the appropriate volume of PBS (generally a 1:9 weight-to-volume ratio, e.g., 1 g of tissue sample to 9 mL of PBS. The specific volume can be adjusted according to experimental needs and recorded. It is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS) in a glass homogenizer and grind thoroughly on ice. To further lyse tissue cells, the homogenate can be sonicated or repeatedly frozen and thawed. Finally, centrifuge the homogenate at 5000 × g for 5-10 minutes, and the supernatant can be assayed. 4. Cell Lysis Buffer: Gently wash adherent cells with ice-cold PBS, then trypsinize and collect cells by centrifugation at 1000×g for 5 minutes. Suspension cells can be collected directly by centrifugation. Wash collected cells three times with ice-cold PBS and resuspend in 150-200 μL of PBS per 1×10^6 cells (it is recommended to add protease inhibitors to the PBS; if the cell count is very low, reduce the PBS volume appropriately). Disrupt the cells by repeated freeze-thaw cycles or sonication. Centrifuge the extract at 1500×g for 10 minutes at 2-8°C, and remove the supernatant for analysis. 5. Cell Culture Supernatant: Centrifuge at 1000×g for 20 minutes. Remove the supernatant for analysis or store at -20°C or -80°C, avoiding repeated freeze-thaw cycles. 6. Other biological fluids: Centrifuge at 1000xg for 20 minutes, remove the supernatant, and test. Pre-test preparation: 1. Remove the test kit from the refrigerator 10 minutes in advance and equilibrate to room temperature. 2. Prepare the standard gradient working solution: Add 1 mL of universal diluent to the lyophilized standard, let it stand for 15 minutes to completely dissolve, then gently mix (concentration is 10 ng/mL). Then dilute to the following concentrations: 10 ng/mL, 5 ng/mL, 2.5 ng/mL, 1.25 ng/mL, 0.625 ng/mL, 0.3125 ng/mL, 0.15625 ng/mL, and 0 ng/mL. Serial dilution method: Take seven EP tubes and add 500uL of universal diluent to each. Pipette 500uL of the 10ng/mL standard working solution into the first EP tube and mix thoroughly to make a 5ng/mL standard working solution. Repeat this procedure for subsequent tubes. The last tube serves as a blank well; there is no need to pipette liquid from the penultimate tube. See the figure below for details. 3. Preparation of biotinylated detection antibody working solution: Centrifuge the concentrated biotinylated antibody at 1000×g for 1 minute 15 minutes before use. Dilute the 100× concentrated biotinylated antibody to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10uL concentrate + 990uL universal diluent). Prepare and use immediately. 4. Prepare the enzyme conjugate working solution: 15 minutes before use, centrifuge the 100× concentrated enzyme conjugate at 1000×g for 1 minute. Dilute the 100× concentrated HRP enzyme conjugate to a 1× working concentration with universal diluent (e.g., 10 μL of concentrate + 990 μL of universal diluent). Prepare immediately. 5. Prepare the 1× wash solution: Dispense 10 mL of 20× wash solution into 190 mL of distilled water (concentrated wash solution removed from the refrigerator may crystallize; this is normal. Allow to stand at room temperature until the crystals have completely dissolved before preparing). Procedure: 1. Remove the desired strips from the aluminum foil bag after equilibration at room temperature for 10 minutes. Seal the remaining strips in a ziplock bag and return to 4°C. 2. Sample addition: Add 100 μL of sample or standard of varying concentrations to the corresponding wells. Add 100 μL of universal diluent to the blank wells. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. (Recommendation: Dilute the sample to be tested at least 1-fold with universal diluent before adding it to the ELISA plate. This will reduce the impact of matrix effects on the test results. The sample concentration should be multiplied by the corresponding dilution factor when calculating the final sample concentration. It is recommended to run replicates for all test samples and standards.) 3. Add Biotinylated Antibody: Remove the ELISA plate and discard the liquid without washing. Add 100 μL of Biotinylated Antibody Working Solution directly to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 60 minutes. 4. Wash: Discard the liquid and add 300 μL of 1x Wash Solution to each well. Let stand for 1 minute, shake off the wash solution, and pat dry on absorbent paper. Repeat this process three times (a plate washer can also be used). 5. Add Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution: Add 100 μL of Enzyme Conjugate Working Solution to each well. Cover with a film and incubate at 37°C for 30 minutes. 6. Washing: Discard the liquid and wash the plate five times as in step 4. 7. Adding substrate: Add 90 μL of substrate (TMB) to each well, cover with a sealing film, and incubate at 37°C in the dark for 15 minutes. 8. Adding stop solution: Remove the ELISA plate and add 50 μL of stop solution directly to each well. Immediately measure the OD value of each well at a wavelength of 450 nm. Calculating experimental results: 1. Calculate the average OD value of the standard and sample replicates and subtract the OD value of the blank well as a correction factor. Plot the standard curve of the four-parameter logistic function on double-logarithmic graph paper, with concentration as the horizontal axis and OD value as the vertical axis. 2. If the sample OD value is higher than the upper limit of the standard curve, dilute the sample appropriately and retest. Multiply the sample concentration by the corresponding dilution factor. |
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| Theory | This kit uses a double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Sample, standard, biotin-labeled detection antibody, and HRP conjugate are sequentially added to microwells pre-coated with S100 Calcium Binding Protein A11 (S100A11) capture antibody. After incubation and washing, the sample is developed using the substrate TMB. TMB is converted to blue by peroxidase (HRP) catalysis and to yellow by acid. The intensity of the color is positively correlated with the amount of S100 Calcium Binding Protein A11 (S100A11) in the sample. The absorbance (OD) is measured at 450 nm using a microplate reader to calculate the sample concentration. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Source | Human | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Synonym | Human S100 Calcium Binding Protein A11 ELISA Kit | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Detection Type | Double antibody sandwich method | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Composition |
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| Background | S100 calcium-binding protein A11 (S100A11) is a protein encoded by the S100A11 gene in humans. The protein encoded by this gene is a member of the S100 family and contains two EF-hand calcium-binding motifs. S100A11, also known as calgizzarin or 100C, is a small, acidic protein. It is located as a group on chromosome 1q21, along with all 13 members of the S100 family. This protein may play a role in motility, invasion, and tubulin polymerization. Chromosomal rearrangements and altered expression of this gene are associated with tumor metastasis. High expression is found in many tissues, including the lung, pancreas, heart, placenta, and kidney, with lower expression in skeletal muscle, liver, and brain. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| General Notes | 1. Strictly adhere to the specified incubation time and temperature to ensure accurate results. All reagents must be at room temperature (20-25°C) before use. Refrigerate reagents immediately after use. 2. Improper plate washing may result in inaccurate results. Ensure that all liquid in the wells is aspirated thoroughly before adding substrate. Do not allow the wells to dry out during incubation. 3. Remove any residual liquid and fingerprints from the bottom of the plate, as this will affect the OD value. 4. The substrate developer solution should be colorless or very light in color. Do not use substrate solution that has turned blue. 5. Avoid cross-contamination of reagents and specimens to prevent erroneous results. 6. Avoid direct exposure to strong light during storage and incubation. 7. Do not expose any reagents to bleaching solvents or the strong fumes emitted by bleaching solvents. Any bleaching agent will destroy the biological activity of the reagents in the kit. 8. Do not use expired products, and do not mix components with different product numbers and batches. 9. Recombinant proteins from sources other than the kit may not be compatible with the antibodies in this kit and will not be recognized. 10. If there is a possibility of disease transmission, all samples should be managed properly and samples and testing devices should be handled according to prescribed procedures. |
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| Storage Temp. | If the unopened kit is stored at 4°C, the shelf life is 6 months. | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Test Range | 0.15-10 ng/mL | |||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Applications | Serum, plasma, tissue homogenate, cell lysate, cell culture supernatant and other biological fluids |
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4.2 ★★★★★
Based on 2415 reviews
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Product Reviews
★★★★★ 5
Funny, smart and nerdy
Format: Kindle
Are you now or have you ever been a member of a TTRPG group or serious video gamer? This book is for you. You'll get all the in-jokes, understand the process and enjoy the story. It's almost literally a step-by-step description of a dungeon crawl from hell, but I was never bored. Matt Dinniman's tone and how he writes Carl are smart and enjoyable.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 30, 2026
★★★★★ 4
Chaotic & absurdly funny!
Format: Paperback, Format: Paperback
Dungeon Crawler Carl was one of those books where the first thought in my head was, what on earth am I reading? And somehow that’s exactly why it works. It’s chaotic, absurdly funny, and completely outside the usual genres I gravitate toward, but it turned out to be such a fun ride.
The premise alone is wild. Earth collapses into a giant dungeon run as a galactic game show, and Carl ends up fighting through it alongside his ex-girlfriend’s cat, Princess Donut, who honestly steals the show for me. Like if I ever get a cat I will probably named her Princess Donut haha! The whole thing is nonstop action, monsters, traps, loot drops, and ridiculous commentary about survival being tied to entertainment value. It’s very LitRPG, very Dungeons & Dragons energy, and packed with pop culture references.
Did a hybrid read and listened to the audiobook when on the go, which is phenomenal and probably the best way to consume it. The narration makes the humor and chaos land even harder. Carl and Princess Donut as a duo are hilarious, and I can already tell this is the kind of series I’ll return to whenever I need a break from heavier reads.
It’s intense, bizarre, and honestly kind of addictive, not something I would jump back to back considering there are like 9 other books, but it is a surprisingly great palate cleanser.
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Reviewed in the United States on March 18, 2026
★★★★★ 5
hilarious, fun and fantastic writing
Format: Kindle
It’s been a little while since I laughed hysterically from a book.
The writing, top tier, the humor immaculate and the characters, compelling.
The story is a mix of satire humor and all around packed with all the things that make a book fantastic. Intrigue, mystery, actual thought. 🤣
For all my booktok girlies who are on the fence, just do it. It scratches an itch I cannot describe.
WAS THIS REVIEW HELPFUL?YesReportShare
Reviewed in the United States on May 22, 2026
★★★★★ 5
Doctor Aphra and Luke Skywalker - An Entertaining Duo!
Format: Paperback
I've greatly enjoyed the various Marvel Star Wars series, but Star Wars: Yoda's Secret War left me a little unsatisfied. I'm very happy to say that the next installment--Screaming Citadel--righted the course and returned the series to its high standard.
Of course, this volume is not just comprised of the Star Wars series. It also has issues from Doctor Aphra. Obviously, the two comics crossed over with each other to deliver this story as whole.
Doctor Aphra has an ancient crystal supposedly housing the sentience of a powerful Jedi. She needs the Queen of the Screaming Citadel to access it for her, and she needs Luke Skywalker to entice the queen into doing so. You'll have to read the book for the details on using Luke as bait. Doctor Aphra sells it to Luke as a chance for him to encounter an actual Jedi master, and it's a chance for her to witness a remnant of the ancient past because she is an archaeologist after all, albeit a bit of an immoral one.
That's a pretty good premise to achieve what this story is really all about--watching Luke and Aphra interact. I believe Doctor Aphra is one of the greatest additions to the Star Wars universe in decades. She first appeared in the Darth Vader series, and she won over the audience so thoroughly that she quickly earned her own title. Honestly, though Aphra works best when pitted against the pure of heart, or at least those on the side of the Rebels. She's Aphra, so of course she manipulates Luke, double-crosses him, saves his skin a few times, then cheats him again. That's just who she is.
It's also interesting to see a rebellious streak in Luke as he jaunts off with Aphra without telling Han, Leia, or anyone else for that matter. We know his dad didn't always follow protocol, so these little deviations are always revealing when Luke is concerned. It's also fun to see him beginning to realize his power. This particular story takes place soon after A New Hope, so Luke has not yet begun to completely understand what he has at his disposal--though this book does depict Luke having some pretty cool moments with his burgeoning abilities.
We also have quite a bit of Han, Leia, and another invaluable addition to the mythology named Sana Starros. All three get their moment to shine as Han finds more and more of the hero within, Leia further establishes herself as the capable leader she is, and Sana Starros slowly reveals more and more of her past to the reader. Guess what? Not only does she have deep connections to Han Solo, but it's heavily hinted that she is also tied to Doctor Aphra as well. The specifics may surprise you.
And, as always, Aphra's versions of C3PO and R2D2 steal the show. They are named 0-0-0 and BT-1. They are basically the murderous, demented, evil version of our favorite droids, and they are forever a delight.
The story of Screaming Citadel itself is entertaining. The art is very pleasing to the eye and keeps the plot moving at a quick pace. At times the faces of the characters based off of real life actors look almost photo realistic, which is sometimes jarring when the rest of the panel does not look so true to life. Of course, the best quality of the book is simply seeing all of these characters play off of each other. It's refreshing to have such rounded, charismatic new characters as Aphra, Sana, Triple-Zero, and Bee-Tee 1 making waves with our legendary favorites.
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Reviewed in the United States on January 10, 2018
★★★★★ 4
Hokey religions and ancient weapons are no match for a good blaster at your side, kid
Format: Paperback
Star Wars: The Screaming Citadel is a crossover collection of the main Star Wars comic series and the Doctor Aphra series. The Arc revolves around the Queen of The Screaming Citadel being the only one who can open a relic containing an ancient Jedi master. Aphra then teams up with Luke Skywalker and we have our crossover event. The story itself is good. A queen with parasitic bugs controlling a planet is uncharted territory for Star Wars and it works. There were great action moments, plots painting the Empire in a morally grey light than the traditional evil one. Doctor Aphra Marvel's golden girl character was funny in this and her chemistry with Luke worked. It didn't feel forced like Marvel was trying to use the Original Characters to build-up their new ones. Where this comic fails is the inconsistent art style as this is a collection you get different art with each issue. Its starts of good and then takes a nosedive in the Aphra issue in the volume. Bad art aside Screaming Citadel was an enjoyable crossover. Doctor Aphra is the best new character to come out of this new Marvel Disney run. Screaming Citadel is worth the read it was a nice crossover that delves more into the Fantasy elements of Star Wars and works as Star Wars has been Space Wizards since 1977.
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Reviewed in the United States on May 14, 2018